Intellectual and Property Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Intellectual and Property Law - Essay Example In USA, the Uniform Trade Secrets Act (UTSA) was enacted some twenty-five years back. (Dreyfuss et al 2011:113). Now, trade secrets can be justified as a guise not of customary property but of intellectual property. The incentive by way of IP protection to trade secrets is justifiable, mainly to offer a boost for new inventions. Offering legal protection for those new inventions not only promotes their creation, but also facilitates an inventor to cash his inventions by selling his new ideas to others. Through patent law, trade secrecy can be safeguarded as it is not only quicker but also cheaper to obtain patent over such business secrets as it extends safeguard to various varieties of business and manufacturing process information. Sometimes, court considers trade secret law as a common law tort instead of perusing the same under IP rights. Protection of trade secrets through IP promote pre-emption of â€Å" unjust enrichment â€Å" philosophies and other common law remedies that courts are enticed to offer the private parties legal control over information that is available in the public domain. In case of commercial scenarios, the cases of the breach of confidence most recurrently happen. It is to be noted that there exists a difference between a trade secret and just commercial â€Å"know-how.† It has been observed that mere know-how is not safeguarded under the law and to be safeguarded, it should be in the guise of a trade secret. Majority of the commercial know-how is no doubt having great value and hence, it is essential to keep it away from public dissemination. For instance, a chemical formula for a specific ingredient (for instance coca-cola) should be preserved under lock and key, which is known as the trade secret. Trade secret connotes information, including but not restricted to a pattern, formula, method, compilation, technique, programme or information or process embodied or contained in a product mechanism or devise which: may or is may be employed in a business or trade; b) is not normally recognised in that business or trade; c) has some economic value from not being generally be disclosed; d) Is adequate initiatives have been taken to maintain the secrecy under the scenario. (Sumpter 2006:100). Illustration of confidential information: Plans and Designs as held in Saltman v Campbell Swizzle sticks embellished with a cruise ship name where they are being widely used as held in Ackroyds (London ) Ltd v Islington Plastics Ltd1 A manufacturing process for establishing a confectionary as held in AB Consolidated v Europe Strength Food. Exhaustive information about assets, supplies, budgets, strategic planning and clients stored in computer files as held in Ravensdown Corp Ltd v Groves 2 Concepts and ideas gathered during negotiations in commercial opportunities as held in Pacifica Shipping Co Ltd v Andersen3 Disclosures made about the patented invention during the course of business negotiations as held in Seager v Copydex. Details stored about the requirements of clients and list of customers as held in Target Recruitment Services Ltd v Lewin4 Details of general information about the company which contains details about the products dealt with , chemical formulae , prices to be quoted in the tenders , budget forecasts and market information as held in AM Satterthwaite & Co Ltd v Gay 5 The genetic components of plant budwood that was stolen as held in Franklin v Giddins. If a new plant variety for which litigation is made is kept as secret or

Corellation Between Spirituality, Emotions Essay Example for Free

Corellation Between Spirituality, Emotions Essay Abstract   The purpose of this paper is to describe the changes during pregnancy, which is influenced by various factors like lifestyle modification, emotions and spirituality. The paper first discusses in detail about the stress and emotional changes, which occurs during pregnancy and its impact on both child and mother. These results are also supported with proper evidence from various research.   Secondly, paper discusses about how lifestyle modification in pregnant women affects the child and mother and these results are supported by evidence from various research.   Finally, the paper discusses about the spiritual believes and its impact on pregnant women. INTRODUCTION Pregnancy is a life event for which most women look forward too. The symptoms of pregnancy might sometimes be distressing but ultimately, it is all worthwhile. Women’s life changes completely during this period. This is the most stressful as well as memorable period in a women’s life. Proper planning before pregnancy to overcome the physical and emotional changes is highly essential. Since, lifestyle modification, stress, anxiety and diet changes produce major impacts in pregnant women and the fetus, the need for proper life style modification during pregnancy is recommended by all physicians. This paper discusses the impact of three major factors Stress, life style modification and spirituality in pregnant women with empirical evidence from various research studies. STRESS AND RELATED IMPACTS IN PREGNANT WOMEN   Expectant women are subject to stress due to several factors, which includes physical changes during pregnancy, environmental changes, lifestyle changes and several other factors. Pregnant women besides physical changes also experience emotional changes at time of pregnancy. Mood swings are common and women will face emotional ups and downs in early pregnancy because of hormonal changes. Its is common for pregnant women to cry or get angry and upset for no apparent reason.    Pregnancy Changes related to stress During first trimester, the pregnant women spend most of their time by realizing the fact that they are pregnant. They experience themselves inwardly and try to understand and overcome the fears about the pregnancy. This must be the case only when the women experiencing the first pregnancy. In later pregnancy, they become more familiar with the changes. At first pregnancy, pregnant women are subjected to many fear such as fear about discontinuing the job, lifestyle changes, responsibility, economical constrains etc. Insecure feelings are common during the early stage of pregnancy. Mood swings grows higher leading to unusual behaviors. The pregnant woman may laugh or cry for irrelevant things. These are often related to hormonal changes in the body. However, researchers believe that hormonal changes during pregnancy augment the force of the feelings and do not causes mood change. Few researchers has identified that the amount of anxiety is heavier in pregnant women who bears a boy baby, for which the reasons are unidentified. In the second trimester, the expectant mother slowly comes out of fear and anxiety, which they experienced during the first trimester and starts feeling better as by now they start experiencing the movement of the baby. During this period, the understanding between the husband and wife starts growing and slowly they accept the existence of baby. The woman starts showing changes physically as she gain weight, also fear and anxiety grows rapidly during this period as fear of miscarriage or disaster to the baby or to herself develops. Speaking out about the fear to her husband or to someone close would relive herself from stress. During the last stage of pregnancy, the pregnant mother experience more fear and stress. As they grow larger in size, they experience low self-esteem and expect more attention from all the dear ones especially from her husband. They fear more regarding delivery complications.    Physical stress during pregnancy and its impact Physical strain during pregnancy is equal to emotional strain. High physical stress during pregnancy is not advisable as it has possibility of inducing preterm delivery among pregnant women. â€Å"In a research conducted by Mozurkewich and Colleague among the employees of pregnant women in U.S who had performed increased physical work has given birth before their deliver date. In another study conducted among the women in France has shown similar results.    Stress and its impact on diet Stress, tension, low energy, exhaustion and other emotional changes can influence the diet preference by the pregnant women. According to the study conducted by the ‘Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health’, â€Å"the diet of the expectant mother would affect the growth of the fetus and the wellbeing of the infant. According to this study which was conducted by ‘Kristen Hurley, Janet DiPietro, Kathleen Costigan and Laura Caulfield’, â€Å"Mother who experienced more fatigue during the pregnancy period consumed more amount of energy rich foods and zinc and consumed less folate. Expectant mothers who felt more stressed munched more amount of snacks and carbohydrate foods and also consumed lots of foods which is rich in fat, protein, iron and zinc. Worried feelings were connected with poorer consumption of vitamin C. Mothers who were stressed by pregnancy experience ate less meat.†Ã‚   â€Å"While pregnant women eating more amount of food may lead to increase in micronutrients and decrease the intake of other important nutrients like folate and vitamin C†, says, ‘Laura Caulfield, Ph.D. an associate professor at the Bloomberg School of Public Health’s Centre for Human Nutrition’.    Stress and its effect on the fetus Stress during pregnancy can bring about several changes in mother and child’s health. It affects the heart rate of the pregnant women. It also brings about blood pressure and anxiety in women. â€Å"According to Catherine Monk of Columbia University, emotional changes during pregnancy result in heart problems in pregnant women and have major effect on the fetus.†Ã‚   Earlier research has shown that stress during pregnancy leads to under weight babies and premature babies. Researcher has found that heart rate of mother is associated to heart rate of the fetus and when mother is stressed or worried, it affects the infant directly. Researchers from John Hopkins University and National Institute of Child Health Development (NICHD) in their research have found that emotional changes during pregnancy have direct impact on child’s behavior. Mother with increased emotion and fear of pregnancy has children with poor behavior skills and emotional disorder.  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"According to Janet A. DiPietro, PhD, a developmental psychologist and professor at John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, increased stress during pregnancy results in chemical changes which manipulate the organ growth and development of the fetus.† Thus, it is essential for a pregnant women to be free from stress and emotions during and after pregnancy to give birth to a healthy baby and to maintain her own health. LIFESTYLE CHANGES AND ITS IMPACT IN EXPECTANT MOTHER Lifestyle modification during pregnancy affects both mother and child especially when seems to be negative. Expectant mothers who are involved in habits such as Cigarette, alcohol, caffeine etc are under risk of developing breast cancer, delivery complications and pass the risk of behavioral disorder to their child. Apart from this diet, modification and exercise pattern also has impact on child’s growth. Expectant mother with eating disorder or overeating habits are prone to low-birth weight or over weight babies. Alteration in diet with inadequate nutrients or over nutrition leads to gestational diabetes. The child born to such parents develops Type I diabetes and are also at risk of developing cardiovascular problems. Lower folate consumption before and during the time of pregnancy would lead to birth defect and neurological problems. Hence, proper nutrition intake before and after pregnancy is essential. Consumption of Alcohol at the time of pregnancy leads to abortion, affects the fetus development, causes serious birth defects particularly the intellectual growth of the child. Hence, it is advisable to avoid alcohol consumption before and during pregnancy. Pregnant women who drink heavily are at risk of giving birth to child with alcohol syndrome i.e. a syndrome, which has major effect on mental and physical health. Similarly, pregnant women who consumes higher amount of caffeine are also at risk of developing miscarriage and birth defects. In addition, heavy exposure to chemicals can lead to birth defects. Various studies have shown that exposure to hazardous chemicals as solvents at work place have resulted in increase in the risk of abortion or birth defects. Apart from these, exercise during pregnancy is highly essential. Exercise during pregnancy strengthens the lower back and lower abdomen. Lack of proper exercise would result in caesarian and delivery complications. Exercise can reduce the labor complications and the risk of delivery. Regular exercise and walking would be more effective if followed in the second and third trimester. It helps the pregnant women to be relieved out of constipation, discomfort due to increased weight, fatigue, backaches etc    Diet modification during pregnancy affects the child and the offspring A research study conducted by â€Å"Children’s hospital Oakland Research Institute by David Martin, M.D, Dr. Jennifer Cropley and Catherine Suter from Victor Chang Heart Institute in Sydney, November 2006, has found that, ‘ mother’s diet during pregnancy   dose not only affect the health of her child but also affects the health of the grandchildren by changing the behavior of specific gene.† The researchers has performed the study on Avy mouse (yellow in color) which posses gene similar to human genes. The researchers during the research has used two group of pregnant mouse of which one group was fed with usual diet consumed by human and the other group was provided with supplements such as folate, vitamin, zinc etc along with the normal diet during the middle of the pregnancy. The similar experiments were followed for the offspring’s. The results of the study revealed that mouse without the supplement diet in both the experiments has shown considerable alteration in the gene resulting in the change of color from yellow to brown and were also found to be unhealthy and are at risk of cancer. Though it is, the known fact that mother’s diet would have considerable impact on the child’s health this is the first study, which has compared the correlation between mother’s diet and its impact in offspring. According to ‘Kenneth Beckman, Ph.D. Assistance Scientist at CHORI and a member of Project Export Centre of excellence in Nutritional Genomics, said, â€Å"The supplements provided during the pregnancy of the mother benefited the grand children even when the mother of the grandchild did not consume diet with supplements. Thus, maternal diet could have long lasting implications which extends for generations and even centuries.† Overeating and its impact on child  Ã‚   According to the research from ‘Oregon Health and Science University, September 2006’, â€Å"overeating during pregnancy may lead to several health problems to the child.†   Ã¢â‚¬Å"The researcher Kevin Grove, Ph.D., a scientist in ONPRC’s Division of Neuroscience in his research has confirmed that grandchildren off the expectant mother who overeat are at risk for liver damage and at a risk for early commencement of diabetes and obesity. Apart from this considerable change take place in the hypothalamus of the brain, which is responsible for the weight regulation.   He also states that children who are born to mother who consumes lots of fatty foods may be at a risk of diabetes and obesity.† The researchers have noted that pregnant female monkeys who were used for the research when provided with high fatty food passed on liver damage and pancreas damage to their offspring’s. The results were similar to humans when expectant women consumed high fatty food. It is clear from the above study that the need for a balanced diet among pregnant women is highly essential to prevent all health related problems to the child and the offspring. Another study conducted by world health organization there is a considerable increase in obesity related heart disease and metabolic disease among the present generation. Though the increase in obesity among present generation is because they consume high amount of fatty foods like sugar and saturated fats, on the other hand the obesity is also associated with increased consumption of energy rich food during pregnancy and during breast-feeding is one more reason for obesity among children’s. For several years it is has been stated that undernourished mother during pregnancy give birth to low birth weight babies which in turn affects the infant with heart related problems as it grows. However, latest studies reveals that apart form undernourished mother even the child born for mother who during pregnancy expose to energy rich food are also prone to heart disease. The study also revels that maternal diet has direct impact on child’s desire for food and maternal diet with increased energy food results in heart disease and other diseases like diabetes and hypertension in the later part of life. In such cases, the child develops abnormalities in aorta and in kidney resulting in severe disease as they grow up.    Smoking affects the child and grandchild Pregnant women may pass down the habit of smoking and its related disease to their child and to their grandchildren for continued generation.   Research study from Australia in 1982 has revealed the fact that children born to mothers who smoked during the time pregnancy started smoking before the age of 15 when compared to the children’s who were born to the mother who were non-smokers. At the same time, children’s of mothers who were smokers and gave up smoking at the time of pregnancy has shown similar results as children’s of mother who was non-smoker.   Thus, pregnant women are highly recommended to avoid smoking during pregnancy. Different study conducted by ‘Keck School of Medicine of University of California, states that use of tobacco and nicotine by the mother during pregnancy would result in lung diseases such as asthma to her children and grandchildren. The author Frank D. Gilliland, Professor of preventive medicine Keck School of Medicine states that smoking pregnant women will pass down long-term impact of lung disease in generations continuing for centuries. The research result shows that children’s and grandchildren’s of smoking mother at the time of pregnancy experienced problems of asthma from the age of five. Although the child of smoking mother did not experience any problem, the grandchild was highly prone to developing asthma. The researchers have also found that the nicotine present in the tobacco affects the DNA of the infant and affects the immune system of the baby. It is also found that nicotine from the tobacco affects the formation of the egg in the girl child as it grows. Thus, from above research studies it is clear that lifestyle modification in pregnant women would bring major impact in both child and mother. Few research has also proved that even grandchildren’s and further generation are affected by irregular dietary habits and alcohol and smoking habits. SPIRITUALITY AND ITS IMPACT ON EXPECTANT MOTHER Fasting seems to be one of spiritual activity, which has influenced most of the religious people especially Hindus and Muslims. People by fasting show their gratitude and love towards God. However, fasting when continued for more that two or three days leads to Lower Glycemic Index, reduces the protein and fat level in blood, increases the uric acid content, and possibly reduces the RBC and hemoglobin levels in the blood. If this is the case for normal people, when women with pregnancy undergoes fasting the results would be more drastic leading to ill health to both mother and child. As pregnancy is a crucial period and the mother is expected to consume the right amount of nutrition to maintain her health and the babies’ health, fasting during such period has to be avoided. According to a ‘Physician Gabriel Cousens, â€Å"fasting means to withdraw from that which is poisonous to the intellect, body and spirit. This can also be described as removal of corporal, emotional and psychological pollutant from our life, more willingly than merely staying away from or interrupting eating. Starving oneself for religious purposes typically involves taking away thyself from worldly duties.† On the other hand, in spite of the awareness for the need for proper nutrition some expectant mothers as being more religious blindly believes that by following rituals like fasting would bring God’s love and blessings to the child. Especially Muslim women’s during the period of Ramadan even if pregnant presume that fasting is obligatory for healthy wellbeing of child and mother. However, Islam is not too harsh on Muslim women’s who are pregnant. For that reason, no religion would be cruel to advice fasting during pregnancy. In Islam, the culture itself has prohibited such activity. Qur’an, has stated the following people not to fast during Ramadan, â€Å"pregnant women in her last trimester and also to avoid fasting by expectant mother if its is harmful to the mother and the child, women who is breast feeding, menstruating women and women who are in nifas.†Ã‚   According to Hadith, â€Å"the religion also states that if a expectant mother or the breast-feeding mother is subjected to health problems due to fasting, in such case they can fast the equivalent amount of days in another period of time.† Fasting are starving in the name of god is not ideal and it only spoils the health of the mother and baby. As pregnancy is an imperative period in women’s life attachment between mother and child grows right from the time of conception and develops with intake of right nutrition at right time. Impacts of fasting in Expectant women During pregnancy, the mother has to eat for two hence at this time going without food or starving without food due to spiritual reasons would affect both the child and mother. On the other hand, avoiding food at instance help the mother to remove the toxins from her body. Toxins loaded in the kidney, lungs, bladder, skin, intestinal track, respiratory track etc can be removed when avoiding food at some instances. However, this depends on the body condition of the women. In such cases the pregnant women has to take the advice of her doctor regarding her dietary habits. The culture of Islam states that fasting during first and second trimester of pregnancy is safer. This is also supported by the statement provided by ‘Dr. Shahid Athar; â€Å"according to him expectant based on health conditions can fast during the 1st and 2nd trimesters with the guidance and supervision from her obstetrician.† In a study conducted in Africa by researchers from Austin, nearly 89.5% of expectant women were fasting during the month of Ramadan. The result showed that blood glucose level in expectant mother who were fasting were significantly less than the normal amount which has resulted in gestational diabetes among these women. As no carbohydrate is available for producing glucose during the fasting period ketosis occur to avoid the loss of protein, which results in fall in insulin level and augmented weight loss. The research has proved that continuous fasting in pregnant women increase the risk of gestational diabetes, which results in over weight babies, caesarian, and stillbirth. Proper diet management under medical supervision and frequent blood testing for blood sugar can prevent gestational diabetes in pregnant women. Another research by â€Å"Kellymon has proved that fasting leads to dehydration, which thereby decreases the milk supply due to the decreased fluid level in the body.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another study by Centre for Advance for health in 2000 has revealed that pregnant mothers who starved during the first 14 weeks of pregnancy has given birth to child who are at high risk of heart disease. Form the research studies it is clear that fasting in the name of spirituality has shown adverse effect on both the child and mother. Although the belief of the expectant mother has to be considered, health related issues due to fasting have to be given priority. Since, the effect of fasting affects not only the mother but also the child, such beliefs has to be considered. The impacts of fasting last on child’s health for longer period and even it grows for several generations. CONCLUSION   As pregnancy is a crucial period in women’s life special attention and care during this period is more important. Pregnant women in general should be away from stress and try to keep them relaxed and peaceful. Excess stress can create severe impact on women’s health and in child’s health and also can lead to preterm delivery and miscarriage. Focusing on positive lifestyle changes before and after pregnancy could yield better results by improving the health and intellect of the baby. Thus for safe and healthy pregnancy, it is always better to be planed to avoid all harmful behaviors.    REFERENCES Shahid Athar, â€Å"Effects of Fasting in Pregnant Women during Ramadan†, Journal of Islamic Medical Association, November 1987. Hadith, â€Å"Studies on Fasting during Ramadan†, Islamic Horizon, October 2003. Kevin Grove, â€Å"Overeating and its impact on child†, Oregon Health and Science University, September 2006 Kristen Hurley, Janet DiPietro, Kathleen Costigan and Laura Caulfield, â€Å"Stress and its Impact in Pregnant Women,† Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, June 2005.    David Martin, Dr. Jennifer Cropley, Catherine Suter, Kenneth Beckman, â€Å"Diet modification during pregnancy affects the child and the offspring†, Children Hospital and Research Centre at Oakland, December 2006. World Health Organization, â€Å"Obesity related to cardiovascular disease in children†, Blackwell Publishing Ltd, May 2005. Frank D. Gilliland, Yu-Fen Li, â€Å"Smoking during Pregnancy affects the Child and Grandchild†, Chest Vol. 128, No. 5, April 2005, Pp 1231-1241. Mozurkewich EL. â€Å"Working Conditions and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome.† Obstetrics and Gynecology 2001. 96:624-636.

Free Essays on Terrorism: War is Not a Good Thing :: September 11 Terrorism Essays

September 11: War is Not a Good Thing Two of the most prominent buildings in America's most prominent city go down. Sounds like a nightmare that belongs only in Tom Clancy's novels. After the event many were angry, many were thoughtful, but most of all there was a sense "what now?" The Defense Secretary was implying war, President Bush strongly stated he felt that this was a "war for freedom." But then people were wondering, what would war bring? And who exactly was it against? What would be the solution that would bring about long term world peace and security? War, well, what is war? a state of hostility, conflict, or antagonism, but it is more than that, it is pain, hopelessness, hunger, anger, hate. What is the difference between an Afghan mother with a picture of her son who died and a mother in New York holding up a picture of her son? Afghanistan is a country which is in a situation that already looks like a post war wreck. Their government, the Taliban, is a dictatorship -a form of government in absolute power is concentrated in a dictator or a small clique. This that the people have no voice. So if we are going to wage a war for freedom, we must not discriminate by citizenship we must fight for all those who do not have it in Afghanistan as well. How can we fight such a complicated war? There are many actions we could take and all of which have positive and negative repercussions, but if you look at the ultimate goal the choices are limited to what we can do. First, we must define our enemy, who or what it is. Is it the Taliban? Or is it also poverty, economic vulnerability, and territorial conflict? (Poverty, economic vulnerability, and territorial conflict are linked. It all comes back to the fact to governmental instability, which allows someone like Taliban to come in a take over. Why is there governmental instability?) Next we must define our allies. By the definition of our war, it is every single human being who supports the fundamental idea of freedom-liberation from slavery or restraint or from the power of another. That would include most of the people who live in

Reformers Of The Second Great Awakening :: American History, Social Reforms, Slavery

During the Second Great Awakening, a mass revival of American society took place. Reformers of every kind emerged to ameliorate women’s rights, education and religious righteousness. At the forefront of the movement were the temperance reformers who fought for a change in alcoholism, and abolitionist who strived for the downfall of slavery. Temperance reformers were mostly women and religious leaders. Lyman Beecher, a well known preacher and temperance leader during this time, talked about how intemperance was destroying our nation. He stated that intemperance was,†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦continually transferring larger and larger bodies of men, from the class of contributors to the national income, to the class of worthless consumers...,† which meant that more men were taking away from the national then putting in. Some reformers even went as far as making illustrations showing how starting at a simple glass of this â€Å"demon rum† could lead to death or even suicide. Reformers such as Henry Clay Work wrote songs that at times placed a young daughter asking her father to come home to take care of their family. Women also played a very important role in the temperance movement by protesting to government to make alcohol illegal. The Abolition movement pushed for the country to realize the cruelties of slavery. Harriet Tubman, an escaped runaway slave, helped over 300 African Americans get freedom. Many people published books and reports on slavery. They showed Americans, as well as a world the harshness of slavery. Some abolitionist held posts on Underground Railroad to help free slaves and even helped them hide at times.

Philosophy of Gifted Students Essay

Shona Hemphill July 22, 2009 EDSP 4510 sec. 476 Structuring Gifted Programs If I had to pick the most important model from the Structuring Gifted Programs figure in chapter eleven, I would have to choose Individualized Instruction. This model breaks down instructions for assignments in a manner that is unique to an individual’s understanding. If a student does not understand the instructions, the teacher will personally come to the student and explain the instructions to him/her. Or, the teacher could possibly already be aware of the students who are gifted and incorporate special instructions for the gifted students. A regular lesson plan may not be challenging enough for a student who is gifted. I personally have a problem understanding instructions and I know how accommodating this model can be. Everyone processes information differently and that should not be the reason why students fail or gifted students go unnoticed. Breaking down instructions individually is extremely important because it helps to determine what kind of student you are dealing with. Take myself for example, on our first assignment I did not find all of the instruction, therefore, the assignment that I turned in was not the best that it could have been. However, once I was provided a second chance, and I fully understood the instruction, I was able to give one hundred percent to the assignment, and earned a grade of ninety six percent. Had I not had the opportunity to go back and really understand the instructions, I would have probably received a â€Å"C† for that assignment. Properly understanding instructions play a major part in a student’s performance, and Individualized Instruction can be a big help with this issue. Another important model from the figure in chapter eleven is, Gifted Clusters. I believe that this model focuses on getting groups of gifted students together to learn on a more advanced level. The gifted students that are in a classroom can be clustered together whenever there are group projects, that way it relieves the pressure of the gifted student doing all of the work whenever they are assigned to a group. This model also helps the gifted students to feel included because they will be surrounded with people that are a lot like themselves. Sometimes gifted students have a problem with fitting in with other students. This model is one of the best because it attempts to resolve the issue of fitting in. Being in a cluster of gifted individuals help the students feel as if they belong. With the everyday pressure that gifted students experience, this model may slightly lessen some of the pressure because it lays the foundation of a social network. Sometimes socializing can be difficult for gifted students, but if they were grouped together, it just might be easier to open up, and get to know one another. This model is important because it may also have an effect on self esteem. Once students began to socialize and find a place where they feel like they fit in, they began to become more confident and self assured. I speak from experience. I was lost at one point and really felt like I did not belong. I then started to hang out with people who were more like me and had some of the same beliefs and values that I possessed. Before I knew it, I was not as shy, I noticed that I walked with my head held high, and I became a social butterfly. When I think back about five years ago, I was nothing like I am now, and I have my cluster of friends to thank for that. The last model from the figure in chapter eleven that I find to be extremely important is Honors Classes. This model concentrates on placing gifted students in the appropriate classes so that they can reach their fullest potential. If a student is performing at a level that seems to be more advanced that average students, then they will be placed in honors classes. Honors classes are a bit more challenging than the standard classes that are traditionally taught in schools. Sometimes these classes can be fast paced and cover twice as much information than the standard classes. These classes really attempt to cater to the gifted students. This model is one of the important ones because of the challenges that honors classes provide for the gifted students. These classes allow the students to use their knowledge and skills and to keep the brain actively learning. As I said before, nothing is worst than getting out of bed in the morning and going to school, only to learn something that you already know. Honors classes help to maintain a student’s giftedness, and without it, the student’s brain capacity may decrease if it is not continually being stimulated. Every school should offer honors classes because it is imperative that students get the education that is individually required for them to have the most successful academic career as possible.

ADVERTISING STRATEGY OF BHARTI TELEVENTURES LTD

ADVERTISING STRATEGY OF BHARTI TELEVENTURES LTD Free Online Research Papers This report on Airtel not just give description about the company but it also talks about the various advertising strategy adopted by the company. SWOT analysis of Airtel helps to find out the weak points of the company and to find out the way to overcome this problem. We are in the era of entertainment through mobile handsets. Downloading a ring tone watching your favorite movie of tracking cricket score the list of activity that you can do using your cell phone is endless. To supplement stagnant voice revenues cellular operator are now turning to VAS to boost revenues in both data and value added voice service. Airtel has deep rooted presence in the Indian telecom sector through there wide product offerings and excellent distribution network In this report I have tried to analyze the present scenario of Indian telecom sector the real aim of the project is to study the effectiveness and response towards advertisement provided by Airtel but many sub objectives are also included under this project so as to make it comprehensive one. I complement this with the internal study of the companies – history , vision business areas etc to analyze how well poised the company are to complete or rather just exist in this market that is proving itself to be the most competitive in post liberalization Indian economy. CHAPTER-II INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION Telecom giant Bharti Airtel is the flagship company of Bharti Enterprises. The Bharti Group, has a diverse business portfolio and has created global brands in the telecommunication sector. Bharti has recently forayed into retail business as Bharti Retail Pvt. Ltd. under a MoU with Wal-Mart for the cash carry business. It has successfully launched an international venture with EL Rothschild Group to export fresh agricultural products exclusively to markets in Europe and USA and has launched Bharti AXA Life Insurance Company Ltd under a joint venture with AXA, world leader in financial protection and wealth management. Airtel comes to you from Bharti Airtel Limited, India’s largest integrated and the first private telecom services provider with a footprint in all the 23 telecom circles. Bharti Airtel since its inception has been at the forefront of technology and has steered the course of the telecom sector in the country with its world class products and services. The businesses at Bharti Airtel have been structured into three individual strategic business units (SBU’s) Mobile Services, Airtel Telemedia Services Enterprise Services. The mobile business provides mobile fixed wireless services using GSM technology across 23 telecom circles while the Airtel Telemedia Services business offers broadband telephone services in 94 cities. The Enterprise services provide end-to-end telecom solutions to corporate customers and national international long distance services to carriers. All these services are provided under the Airtel brand. Business Divisions Mobile : Bharti Airtel offers GSM mobile services in all the 23-telecom circles of India and is the largest mobile service provider in the country, based on the number of customers. Internet: The group offers high speed broadband internet with a best in class network. With Landline services in 94 cities we help you stay in touch with your friends family and the world. Data connectivity : The group focuses on delivering telecommunications services as an integrated offering including mobile, broadband telephone, national and international long distance and data connectivity services to corporate, small and medium scale enterprises. Fiber cables : The Company compliments its mobile and broadband telephone services with national and international long distance services. It has over 35,016 route kilometers of optic fibre on its national long distance network. For international connectivity to east, it has a submarine cable landing station at. For international connectivity to the west, the Company is a member of the South East Asia-Middle East-Western Europe – 4 (SEA-ME-WE-4) consortium along with 15 other global telecom operators. Mobile Prepaid : Enter the world of limitless possibilities with Airtel Prepaid. The service that helps you give, words to every feeling, an expression to every emotion. Postpaid : Life becomes much simpler with your Airtel Postpaid. It gives you the unlimited freedom to reach out to people in your special way. HISTORY Bharti Airtel is one of Indias leading private sector providers of telecommunications services based on an aggregate of 71,777,448 customers as on June 30, 2008, consisting of 69,383,716 GSM mobile and 2,393,732 Bharti Telemedia subscribers. The businesses at Bharti Airtel have been structured into three individual strategic business units (SBU’s) mobile services, telemedia services (ATS) enterprise services. The mobile services group provides GSM mobile services across India in 23 telecom circles, while the ATS business group provides broadband telephone services in 94 cities. The enterprise services group has two sub-units carriers (long distance services) and services to corporates. All these services are provided under the Airtel brand. Company shares are listed on The Stock Exchange, Mumbai (BSE) and The National Stock Exchange of India Limited (NSE). CHAPTER-III COMPANY PROFILE Fact sheet Name Bharti Airtel Limited. Business Description Provides mobile, telemedia services (fixed line) and enterprise services (carriers services to corporates) Established July 07, 1995, as a Public Limited Company Proportionate Revenue Rs. 270,122 million (year ended March 31, 2008-Audited) Rs. 184,202 million (year ended March 31, 2007-Audited) As per Indian GAAP Accounts Proportionate EBITDA Rs. 114,018 million (year ended March 31, 2008 Audited) Rs. 74,407 million (year ended March 31, 2007 Audited) As per Indian GAAP Accounts Shares in Issue 1,898,020,804 as at June 30, 2008 Listings The Stock Exchange, Mumbai (BSE) The National Stock Exchange of India Limited (NSE) Market Capitalisation Market Capitalisation (as on September 18, 2008) Approx. Rs. 1,443 billion Closing BSE share price = Rs. 760.35 Customer Base 69,383,716 GSM mobile and 2,393,732 telemedia customers (Status as at month ended June 30, 2008) Operational Network Provides GSM mobile services in all the 23 telecom circles in India, and was the first private operator . Bharti Tele-Ventures Limited was incorporated on July 7, 1995 for promoting investments in telecommunications services. Its subsidiaries operate telecom services across India. Bharti Tele-Ventures is Indias leading private sector provider of telecommunications services based on a strong customer base consisting of approximately 9.03 million total customers which constitute, approximately 8.28 million mobile and approximately 750,000 fixed line customers, as of August 31, 2004. Investor Relations ?Creating value for our customers, employees, investors, partners, vendors and the society at large lies at the root of our fundamental business strategy. Our core principles of trust and transparency have come a long way in helping us develop and nurture long-term relationships with our key stakeholders. Our performance exudes from our belief in and commitment to the telecom sector; and translates into creating innovative exciting opportunities for one and all. Corporate Governance ?Bharti Tele-Ventures Limited firmly believes in the principles of Corporate Governance and is committed to conduct its business in a manner, which will ensure sustainable, capital-efficient and long-term growth thereby maximizing value for its shareholders, customers, employees and society at large. Companys policies are in line with Corporate Governance guidelines prescribed under Listing Agreement/s with Stock Exchanges and the Company ensures that various disclosures requirements are complied in letter and spirit for effective Corporate Governance. ?During the financial year 2003-04, your Company has been assigned highest Governance and Value Creation (GVC) rating viz. Level 1 rating by CRISIL, which indicates that the companys capability with respect to creating wealth for all its stakeholders is the highest, while adopting sound Corporate Governance practices Board of Directors ?The Board of Directors of the Company has an optimum mix of Executive and Non-Executive Directors, which consists of three Executive and eleven Non-Executive Directors. ?The Chairman and Managing Director, Mr. Sunil Bharti Mittal, is an Executive Director and the number of Independent Directors on the Board is more than 50% of the total Board strength. The independence of a Director is determined on the basis that such director does not have any material pecuniary relationship with the Company, its promoters or its management, which may affect the independence of the judgment of a Director. ?The Board members possess requisite skills, experience and expertise required to take decisions, which are in the best interest of the Company. Boards Members by Ranking Sunil Bharti Mittal Chairman and Managing Director Rajan Bharti Mittal Director Akhil Gupta Joint Managing Director Rakesh Bharti Mittal Director Chua Sock Koong Director Pulak Chandan Prasad Director Bashir Abdulla Currimjee Director Mauro Sentinelli Director Professor V.S Raju Director O’Sullivan Director Kurt Hellstrom Director N. Kumar Director Ajay Lal Director Francis Heng Director Arun Bharat Ram Director Audit Committee The Audit Committee of the Board deals with all matters relating to financial reporting, internal controls, risk management, related party transactions etc. and reports back to the Board on the matters, which among others, include ?Reviewing the Company’s financial reporting processes and systems. ?Recommending the appointment and removal of statutory auditors, fixation of audit fee and related expenses. ?Reviewing the Company’s financial and risk management policies. ?Reviewing with management the half-yearly and annual financial statements, before submission to the Board, focusing primarily on: ?Changes in accounting policies and practices; ?Major accounting entries, qualifications and accounting issues based on the managements discretion and judgment; ?Compliance with the accounting standards; ?Compliance with the stock exchange and legal requirements, concerning financial statements; ?Any related party transactions; and ?Adequacy and effectiveness of internal audit processes and systems. ?The un-audited/audited quarterly financial results of the Company are also specifically reviewed by the Audit Committee before these are submitted to the Board for approval. Minutes of each Audit Committee meeting are placed before the Board for information. Human Resource (HR)/ Remuneration Committee The Human Resource Committee of the Board discharges the functions of the remuneration committee, along with specifically looking into the following areas: ?Framing policies and compensation packages of top executives; including salary adjustments, incentives, bonuses, promotions, stock options and performance targets. ?Remuneration of Directors ?Strategies for attracting/retaining employees, and employee development programs ?Key issues referred by the Board ESOP Compensation Committee The Compensation Committee of the Board has been constituted in accordance with SEBI (Employee Stock Option Scheme and Employee Stock Purchase Scheme) Guidelines, 1999 for administration and superintendence of Employee Stock Option Plan (ESOP) of the Company. Scope of the Compensation Committee Formulating policies and procedures to ensure that there is no violation of SEBI (Insider Trading Regulations) and (Prohibition of Fraudulent and Unfair Trade Practices relating to Securities Market) Regulations by any employee. CHAIRMAN PROFILE Sunil Bharti Mittal Chairman Managing Director Since October 2001 Board director since: July 1995 Age: 49 years Sunil Bharti Mittal is the Chairman Managing Director of Bharti Airtel Ltd. head quartered at New Delhi, India. Sunil Bharti Mittal started his career at a young age of 18 after graduating from Punjab University in India and founded Bharti, with a modest capital, in the year 1976. Today, at 49 he heads a successful enterprise, amongst the top 5 in India, with a market capitalization of over US$ 40 billion and employing over 30,000 people. Sunil Bharti Mittal is an alumnus of Harvard Business School, MA, USA. Sunil Bharti Mittal has been conferred one of the highest civilian award – Padma Bhushan. Sunil Bharti Mittal has been conferred the degree of Doctor of Science (Honoris Causa) by the G B Pant University of Agriculture Technology. Sunil Bharti Mittal is an Honorary Fellow of â€Å"The Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers (IETE). OBJECTIVES As set out in the Memorandum of Association of Bharti Tele-Ventures, our main objects are as follows: 1. To promote and establish companies, funds, associations or partnerships for providing telecom networks and/or to run and maintain telecom services like basic/fixed-line services, cellular/mobile services, paging, videotext, voice mail and data systems, private switching network services, transmission network of all types; computer networks i.e. local area network, wide area network, electronic mail, intelligent network, multimedia communication systems or the combinations thereof and for execution of undertakings, works, projects or enterprises in the telecom industry whether of a private or public character or any joint venture with any government or other authority in India or elsewhere and to acquire and dispose of shares/securities in such companies, and funds and interest in such associations or partnerships. 2. To provide telecom networks and to run and maintain telecom services like basic/fixed-line services, cellular/mobile services, paging, videotext, voice mail and data systems, private switching network services, transmission networks of all types, computer networks like local area network, wide area network, electronic mail, intelligent network, multimedia communication systems or combinations thereof. 3. To carry on the business of manufacturers, merchants, dealers, distributors, importers, exporters, buyers, sellers, agents and stockists, and to market, hire, lease, rent out, assemble, alter, install, service, design, research and improve, develop, exchange, maintain, repair, refurnish, store and otherwise deal in any manner in all types of telephone exchanges, telephone instruments -whether corded, cordless, mobile or of any other kind; tele-terminals, fax machines, telegraphs, recording instruments and devices, telephone message/answering machines and devices; dialling machines, trunk dialling barring devices, wireless sets and other wireless communication devices like radio pagers, cellular phones, satellite phones etc; telecom switching equipments of all kinds; telecom transmission equipments of all kinds, test equipments. VISION BY 2010 AIRTEL WILL BE THE MOST ADMIRED BRAND IN INDIA: ?LOVED BY MORE CUSTOMERS. ?TARGETED BY TOP TALENT. ?BENCHMARKED BY MORE BUSINESS. BHARTI’S MISSION To be globally admired for telecom services that delight customers. We will meet global standards for telecom services that delight customers through: Customer Service Focus Empowered Employees Cost Efficiency Unified Messaging Solutions Innovative products and services .Error- free service delivery ACHIEVEMENTS First to launch Cellular service on November 1995. First operator to revolutionaries the concept of retailing with the inauguration of AirTel Connect (exclusive showrooms) in 1995. First to introduce push button phone in India. First to expand its network with the installation for second mobile switching center in April, 1997 and the first to introduce the Intelligent Network Platform First to provide Roaming to its subscribers by forming an association called World 1 Network. First to provide roaming facility in USA. Enjoy the mobile roaming across 38 partner networks above 700 cities Moreover roam across international destinations in 119 countries including USA, Canada, UK etc with 284 partner networks. BHARTI announces aggrement with VODAFONE marking the entry of the Worlds Largest Telecom Operator into India Bharti Enterprises and AXA Asia Pacific Holdings Limited announce Partnership for a life insurance joint venture in India Airtel Launches future factory Centres of Innovation to Incubate Pioneering Mobile Applications 16 states, 600 million people. Only Indias leading mobile service offers you the truly freedom-packed Prepaid! It is also the first company to export its products to the USA. BHARTI announces agreement with VODAFONE marking the entry of the Worlds Largest Telecom Operator into India Vodafone to invest approximately Rs. 6,700 crores (approx. USD 1.5 bn.) to acquire around 10% in Bharti Tele-Ventures Ltd. Bharti Enterprises, SingTel and Vodafone to take Bharti Tele-Ventures Ltd. to unassailable leadership position in India The largest single foreign investment ever in the history of India The largest investment in the Indian telecom sector Bharti establishes its supremacy in the Indian telecom market, having attracted Asia’s best – SingTel, and now world’s best – Vodafone. Bharti set to gain global leadership in the telecom sector Bharti Enterprises continues to hold shareholding and management control in Bharti Tele-Ventures. AirTel: Appropriating the value of expression Over the last couple of years, the market has grown considerably, with deeper penetration and wider usage of voice and data services, accompanied by much higher competitive intensity, Atul Bindal, chief marketing officer, Bharti TeleVentures, expands on this. In this context, differentiating merely on network, coverage and SMS is just not enough. You need to go beyond all the rational identifiers which are prerequisites in any case and connect at a deeper level. We needed a strong differentiator in an increasingly commoditized and crowded market. We found this differentiator in a core human truth that defines our category which is that there are moments when you need to make your point, when you need to be heard. Expressing and communicating are perhaps two of the most basic emotions. AirTel enables you to make your point in the most expressive way, anytime, anywhere. The campaign is towards owning this through Express yourself. We believe Express yourself allows us to connect at a deeper level and create a long-term platform for the brand. For AirTel, the challenge also lay in presenting a unified face to the consumer. This assumes significance when viewed in the light of the companys pre- and post-paid communication, which, in the past, had been treated very differently. Brand image, as a result, was being driven in two different dimensions. Brand AirTel is a category leader straddling completely different market segments such as consumer, business and corporate, as well as different voice, data and payment platforms, says Bindal. Express yourself enables the brand to unify and connect across the entire base of our existing and prospective customers. One of the most obvious benefits of owning a property such as candid expression (and Express yourself) is the expansive nature of the thought. The moment you have as broad a canvas as Express yourself, it becomes easy for anyone working on the brand to come up with new ideas and executions. Thats what makes a good campaign idea, observes Rediffs Prashant Godbole, who, along with creative partner Zarvan Patel, conceived the campaign. This is just the proverbial tip of the iceberg, Patel adds. We will be taking the idea forward in many different ways in the forthcoming work, he informs. Patel also credits his creative team for fleshing out the idea. Awards and Recognitions 2007-2008 ? Bharti Airtel has won the CNBC-TV18 India Business Leader Award for the Outstanding Company of the year, 2007 ? Bharti draws top honours at the NDTV Profit Business Leadership Awards 2007 ? Bharti Airtel Ranked 3rd on Shareholder Returns in BusinessWeek IT 100 List ? Sunil Bharti Mittal conferred Degree of Doctor of Science (Honoris Causa) by G. B. Pant University 2006-2007 ? Bharti draws top honours at the NDTV Profit Business Leadership Awards 2007 ? Bharti Airtel awarded the prestigious QCI-DL Shah Award on Economics of Quality ? Sunil B. Mittal chosen for this year’s Padma Bhushan Awards ? Bharti Airtel is once again chosen for India’s most Customer Responsive Telecom Company Award ? Triple success for Akhil Gupta at CFO Awards for India ? Bharti Airtel is amongst India’s Most Admired Knowledge Enterprises in 2006 ? Sunil Bharti Mittal receives ‘The Honorary Fellowship’ fromIETE ? Bharti Airtel draws Top Honors at the MIS Asia IT Excellence Awards 2006 ? Bharti Airtel among the top 10 best performing companies in the world according to Business Week IT 100 list Sunil Bharti Mittal is CEO of the Year at the Frost Sullivan Asia Pacific ICTAwards 2006 Bharti Airtel bags Wireless Service Provider of the Year andCompetitive Service Provider of the Year Organization Structure As an outcome of a restructuring exercise conducted within the company; a new integrated organizational structure has emerged; with realigned roles, responsibilities and reporting relationships of Bharti’s key team players. With effect from March 01, 2006, this unified management structure of One Airtel will enable continued improvement in the delivery of the Group’s strategic vision. Areas of Operations Delhi Our Delhi network covers a license area that includes the state of Delhi and the neighbouring towns of Faridabad and Gurgaon in the state of Haryana, and Ghaziabad and Noida in the state of Uttar Pradesh. We have a 20-year license to provide cellular services in our Delhi circle, valid until November 2014, and which is extendible by additional periods of 10 years. In addition to being India’s political capital, Delhi has the highest per capita income, the highest installed fixed-line penetration rate, and the highest population density among the 29 states of India. Delhi has a high concentration of service and manufacturing industries and houses the Central Government, the head offices for many major public sector enterprises, embassies and various government missions and development agencies. We believe that these factors create high roaming revenue potential from cellular subscribers who roam into our network from other circles. As of November 30, 2001, we had 465,278 custom ers in Delhi, giving us a market share of approximately 56% in this circle. Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh Located in southern India, Karnataka is a major business centre and several information technology companies are based in and around its capital, Bangalore. Andhra Pradesh is adjacent to Karnataka and several information technology companies are based in and around its capital, Hyderabad. Information technology companies are typically high-volume users of telecommunications services, particularly for data transmission. We offer cellular services in these circles pursuant to 20-year license, valid until 2016 for Karnataka and until 2015 for Andhra Pradesh, each of which is extendible by additional periods of 10 years. As of November 30, 2001, we had 177,810 and 195,054 customers in Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh, respectively, giving us a market share of approximately 57% and 48%, respectively, in these circles. Chennai We provide cellular services in Chennai (the capital city of the southern state of Tamil Nadu) and in the adjoining areas of Mahabalipuram, Minjur and Maraimalai Nagar. Chennai is a major centre for information technology companies and foreign multinational corporations. Our network is operated pursuant to a 20-year license, valid until November 2014, and which is extendible by additional periods of 10 years. As of November 30, 2001, we had 110,032 customers in Chennai, giving us a market share of approximately 51% in this circle. Himachal Pradesh Located in northern India, Himachal Pradesh is one of India’s most mountainous states and is a popular tourist destination, particularly for residents of Delhi and other north Indian states. Our network is operated pursuant to a 20-year license, valid until November 2015, and which is extendible by additional periods of 10 years. As of November 30, 2001, we had 12,462 customers in Himachal Pradesh, giving us a market share of approximately 64% in this circle. Kolkata Kolkata is the capital city for the eastern state of West Bengal. Several domestic and multinational companies are based in Kolkata and it is a major centre for trade and commerce in eastern India. Our network is operated pursuant to a 20-year license, valid until November 2014, and which is extendible by additional periods of 10 years. As of November 30, 2001, we had 87,570 customers in Kolkata, giving us a market share of approximately 41% in this circle. We have grown as a result of both organic growth and acquisitions of circles completed by us. The following table sets forth the growth in the number of our cellular customers over the last three years. In September 2001, we entered into license agreements with the DOT to provide cellular services in the eight circles of Mumbai, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh (West), Tamil Nadu and Kerala. All these licenses are for a period of 20 years, valid until August 2021, and are extendible by additional period of 10 years. In September 2001, the DoT also restored the Punjab license in our favour. The Punjab license is for a period of 20 years, valid until 2015, and is extendible by additional periods of 10 years. We expect to commence providing cellular services in these nine proposed circles by the middle of this year. Mumbai Mumbai is the financial and commercial capital of India and one of the largest cities in the world in terms of population. Mumbai is among the highest per capita income cities in India. Several leading financial institutions, regulatory agencies, multinational corporations, service organizations and leading conglomerates are located in Mumbai. The concentration of commercial activity and service industry in Mumbai has led to a strong demand for telecommunications services, both voice and data. Maharashtra. Surrounded by Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka, Maharashtra is a prominent state in Western India. Maharashtra is one of the most industrialised states in India and several industries including sugar, pharmaceuticals, petrochemicals, heavy chemicals, electronics, automobiles, engineering, food processing and plastics are located in the state. Maharashtra has attracted high amount of investment from Indian and foreign companies in the past. Among states, Maharashtra has among the higher literacy rates and is a centre for learning and research in India. Gujarat Gujarat is located adjacent to Maharashtra and is also a prominent industrialised state in the country. Several companies in the chemicals and petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals and textiles sectors are based in Gujarat and the largest grass-root level petroleum refinery in India is located in the state. Gujarat also has one of the busiest ports in India and handled a high proportion of India’s exports for the year ended March 31, 2001. Haryana Haryana is adjacent to Delhi and is surrounded by the states of Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and Punjab. The city of Chandigarh, which is a union territory, is a joint capital city of the states of Haryana and Punjab. Haryana is also an emerging centre in north India for IT enabled services such as call centres, which are typically high-volume users of telecommunications services. Punjab Punjab is among the highest per capita income states in India. Punjab has emerged as a leading producer of agricultural products in India and several multinational corporations have invested in Punjab in agricultural-related businesses. Punjab is also emerging as a base for the production of engineering goods, pharmaceuticals, leather goods, food products, textiles, electronic goods, sugar, machine tools, hand tools, agricultural implements, sports goods, paper and paper packaging materials. Uttar Pradesh (West) Uttar Pradesh (West) is a circle carved out of the north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh by the DoT and has been classified as a Category B cellular license area. It is a popular tourist location in northern India with several holy shrines and pilgrimage locations. Madhya Pradesh Located in central India, Madhya Pradesh has a total area of approximately 443,000 square kilometers and has substantial mineral resources, making it a centre for the aluminum, chemical and iron and steel industries. Several industries in the electronics, telecommunications, petro-chemicals, food processing and automobiles sectors are also located in Madhya Pradesh. Kerala Located in south India, Kerala is rich in minerals, marine products and agricultural products. A large section of the former population of Kerala lives outside India as non-resident Indians and has contributed to a relatively high foreign exchange inflow in this state. The state has the highest density of science and technology personnel and the highest literacy rate in India. Tamil Nadu Located in southern India, Tamil Nadu is surrounded by Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Kerala. Tamil Nadu has several industrial undertakings engaged in cotton, sugar, leather, textiles, engineering and petrochemicals sector. The state has a large number of professionals and has witnessed a rapid growth in the software industry in the past few years. In addition to entering into licenses with the DOT for our eight additional circles and the restoration of our Punjab license, we have taken the following steps towards commencing operations in these circles and the integration of the proposed circles with our existing circles: completed network planning activities and implementing the same entered into rate contracts and, for some circles, placed purchase orders with vendors, including Siemens, Motorola and Ericsson, for the supply of telecommunications equipment and network design commenced recruitment activities and internal transfer of employees for new areas of operations entered into agreements with the Escorts group, a provider of cellular services in the Haryana, Kerala, Uttar Pradesh (West), Himachal Pradesh and Punjab circles, to share cellular infrastructure in order to reduce costs and speed the launch date for our services identified, and in some cases acquired, locations for the main switching centres and cell sites. selected a common billing system, customer relationship and enterprise resource planning packages and other office systems and controls for our existing and proposed cellular networks. Airtel has also reorganized the management structure of its cellular business on a regional basis in an effort to better capture revenue and cost synergies. PRODUCT LINE-UP Bharti Airtel offers GSM mobile services in all the 23-telecom circles of India and is the largest mobile service provider in the country, based on the number of customers. The group focuses on delivering telecommunications services as an integrated offering including mobile, broadband telephone, national and international long distance and data connectivity services to corporate, small and medium scale enterprises. The group offers high speed broadband internet with a best in class network. With Landline services in 94 cities we help you stay in touch with your friends family and the world. The Company compliments its mobile and broadband telephone services with national and international long distance services. It has over 35,016 route kilometers of optic fibre on its national long distance network. For international connectivity to east, it has a submarine cable landing station at. For international connectivity to the west, the Company is a member of the South East Asia-Middle East-Western Europe – 4 (SEA-ME-WE-4) consortium. Services Broadband and internet services Airtel brings you a host of exciting features ranging from facilities like Online tests, In touch and Video Surveillance Solutions to trouble shooting devices like, Net Expert and Web Jockey. Control your business, 247. Observe your office, warehouse, shop and staff from your PC, from anywhere and all the time Create and share your precious moments with your loved ones with In Touch. It’s a great way to reach out to your loved ones who are far away. Introducing NetXpert, India’s first ever automated Broadband care technology which provides immediate solutions for Internet connectivity related problems. Airtel Broadband Services and TCY Online offer you online competitive tests for GRE, GMAT, SAT and MBA, from the comfort of your home. Wifi is a wireless technology brand by the Wifi Alliance that gives you a host of fantastic advantages ranging from reliability to security. Calling cards Our calling card services connect you to your friends and friends in India a cost effective and reliable manner. Choose from the options below and stay connected. Calling Cards include Great savings on calling anywhere in India or across the world. Even if your phone is not STD/ISD enabled, go ahead and talk to your loved ones. Now call back India from USA at lowest cost of just 6c / min . Traveling abroad? Save precious foreign exchange and up to 94% over international roaming charges. Home Phones Home Phones include Airtel welcomes you to its world of telephony services, which offers you world class services with its cutting edge technology. Avail of the convenience of a mobile phone on a fixed line, without any cables disturbing the ambience of your living room! Mobile Footprint The map below depicts the location of, and provides certain information for, Bharti Tele-Ventures existing mobile circles in India: PROMOTIONAL STRATEGY After the liberalization of the Indian Telecom Sector in 1994, the Indian cellular market witnessed a surge in cellular services. By 2005, there were a total of 12 players in the market with the five major players being Bharti Tele-Ventures Limited (Bharti), Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL), Hutchinson-Essar limited (Hutch), Idea Cellular limited (Idea) and Reliance India Mobile (RIM). All the players except RIM offered services based on the Global System for Mobile (GSM) technology. RIM provided services based on Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) technology as well as GSM. As competition in the telecom arena intensified, service providers took new initiatives to woo customers. Prominent among these were celebrity endorsements, loyalty rewards, discount coupons, business solutions and talk time schemes. The most important consumer segments in the cellular industry were the youth segment and the business class segment. The youth segment was the largest and fastest growing segment and was therefore targeted most heavily by cellular service providers. Bharti Tele-Ventures adopted celebrity endorsement as its chief promotional strategy. By 2004 it emerged the unprecedented leader commanding the largest market share in the cellular service market. (Refer Exhibit II). Hutch implemented the celebrity endorsement strategy partially, relying primarily on its creative advertising for the promotion of its brand. BSNL, on the other hand, attracted the consumer through its low cost schemes. Being a state owned player, BSNL could cover rural areas, and this helped it increase its subscriber base. Reliance was another player that cashed on its innovative promotional strategies, which included celebrity endorsements and attractive talk time schemes. Idea, relied heavily on its creative media advertising sans celebrities. SWOT ANALYSIS STRENGHTS 1. India has technically educated, motivated and intelligent workforce, who if given proper incentives like quality living and benefits, can be retained in India . 2. India possesses cheap labours to attract foreign investments. 3. Telecom software, telecom professionals, telecom infrastructure and telecom services are the key players in shaping today’s economy. 4. Revenue sharing strategies are leading to mergers and actuations, helping companies to enter new business opportunities, and generate employments, boosting the country’s economy. 5. Privatization of VSNL, along with its partnership with Tata has benefited not only the two companies but also the county at large. 6. Information technology growth can propel India into IT superpower. 7. Quality of life definitely improves when the infrastructure and economy improves. 8. India has huge project plans with foreign countries which can attract further mergers , investments etc. 9. Foreign companies that are facing problem in home market have already identified India as a potential markets for business and therefore they are heavily investing in India. 10. Government has already started relaxing rules for foreign participants. 11. Software exports from software technology parks are a huge potential business. 12. Though global telecom picture looks gloomy but India possesses the competitive advantage in terms of its huge market size and many undeveloped areas. WEAKNESSES 1. Bureaucracy and politics tremendously affects the business policies. 2. Slow reform process and slow liberalization affect the changes and makes the progress slow. 3. Foreign companies wanting to invest in India are put off due to continuously changing rules and lax policies. 4. Telco’s though united, provide some services that bring them in close competition and therefore lose not only profits but also consumer confidence. 5. Compared to the global structure, India is still concentrating on universal service in some parts of the country. 6. Since 1994 reform process, telecom density has only gone up to 3 as compared to the global average of 14. 7. Though cellular is the most attractive business today, but still the overall number of cellular subscribers is very low and this market really needs to be tapped. 8. Embracing change and understanding the technology takes a lot of time making the changes very slowly. OPPORTUNITIES 1. Lot of new entrants in telecom is bringing investment opportunities. 2. Economic liberalization is bringing a significant amount of progress. 3. Telecom educational institutes are coming up to keep the professionals at par with the changing technology. 4. New opportunities are generating more employment and creating a knowledge based economy 5. Privatization of services in telecom sector has led to keen competition, as a result of which prices are reduced and more business opportunities are created. 6. Increased availability of bandwidth has opened doors to new schemes making efficient usage /providing value added services and generating profits. 7. For cellular operators providing long distance is a lucrative business opportunity and they can also concentrate on providing many value added services. 8. Provision of not only basic services /but also, internet, cellular, medical transcription, call center. THREATS 1. Regulatory and tariff changes especially in the cellular operations are constant threats. 2. China’s early liberalization and the fast growing economy may prove to be a hindrance for India. 3. Economic protectionism and continuous political changes plays against plays against everybody’s favors and affects the good intentions of players even like reliance / Tatas etc. 4. Price regulations based on pre set rate of return hinder the growth. 5. Young hard working and intelligent work force want to leave the country due to poor economic conditions and exploitation. 6. Indian businesses take time or can’t survive due to the constantly changing technology and fast-paced nature of telecom business. CHAPTER-IIII RESEARCH OBJECTIVE RESEARCH OBJECTIVE The objective of my project report is to study the advertising strategy of AIRTEL Cellular service and its effect on mobile users existing and who are going to use mobile service in future. In other words, my aim is to study the Advertising Effectiveness of AIRTEL Cellular service. ? To learn the practical knowledge and how academic knowledge convertible in practical way. ? To find out the success rate of the airtel cellular. ? To find out how much organization is involved in the mind of consumer. ? To measure the customer’s satisfaction of airtel who are using airtel services and products. ? To develop a new strategy for the improvement of existing Airtel services and to find new ways of increasing Market share. CHAPTER-V RESEARCH METHODOLOGY RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Achieving accuracy in any research requires in depth study regarding the subject. As the prime objective of the project is to study advertising strategy of Airtel .The research methodology adopted is basically based on primary data via which the most recent and accurate piece of first hand information could be collected. Secondary data has been used to support primary data wherever needed. Primary data was collected using the following techniques Questionnaire Method Direct Interview Method and Observation Method The main tool used was, the questionnaire method. Further direct interview method, where a face to face formal interview was taken. Lastly observation method has been continuous with the questionnaire method, as one continuously observes the surrounding environment he works in. Procedure of research methodology # Target geographic area was East Delhi. # To these geographical area questionnaire was given, the questionnaire was a combination of both open ended and closed ended questions. # The date during which questionnaires were filled was between six week. # Some dealers were also interviewed to know their prospective. Interviews with the honour of retailer of Airtel were also conducted. # Finally the collected data and information was analyzed and compiled to arrive at the conclusion and recommendations given. Sources of secondary data Used to obtain information on, Airtel and its competitor history, current issues, policies, procedures etc, wherever required. # Internet # Magazines # Newspapers CHAPTER-VI LIMITATIONS OF STUDY LIMITATIONS OF STUDY The researcher has to face certain difficulties while he carries out the research work. He knows the limitations before hand. Some of them are uncontrollable and some others are controllable. Some important limitations, which were faced, are as follows: 1. Limitation of Time: I have completed the research in limited time. In spite of all the difficulties if the time is short it is quite possible that one cannot collect the sufficient data and have to depend upon other source of data. 2. Limitation of funds: Availability of funds was another limitation owning to shortage of money. 3. Limitation of skills: the research needs a lot of statistical work involving collection and tabulation of data, interpretation of data and drawing out the necessary results. It requires an able, efficient and experienced research works. 4. Limitation of human behaviors: (a) Some of the respondent was not honest and genuine in their approach. (b) Some of the respondents could not understand certain queries. CHAPTER-VII CONCLUSION CONCLUSION The conclusion of my study is that AIRTEL’s Advertising has a major impact on its users. People like its schemes very much .AIRTEL had created a very good image on the mind of the new users of cellular service. AIRTEL has adopted a very good strategy by providing a new connection with NOKIA who is market leader in mobile sets, many new users buy Nokia sets and they get a free connection of AIRTEL. AIRTEL is successful in capturing the highest market share by adopting Celebrity Endorsement Strategy. A.R. Rehmaan’s tune for AIRTEL worked as free advertising for AIRTEL as another service user uses it too. Other celebrities like Shahrukh Khan (Bollywood) and Sachin Tendulkar (Cricket) has also contributed very much in AIRTEL. AIRTEL has influenced mass customer by its wide network base in India and is popular among business man and professionals but in students it isn’t a popular one because there isn’t much attracting schemes and offers for the youth. CHAPTER-VIII RECOMMENDATIONS Research Papers on ADVERTISING STRATEGY OF BHARTI TELEVENTURES LTDPETSTEL analysis of IndiaAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaThe Project Managment Office SystemMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfDefinition of Export QuotasOpen Architechture a white paperIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This Nice

Amityville Horror essays

Amityville Horror essays I did my book report on the Book ,"The Amityville Horror". Let me just say that this is one of the scariest books I have ever read. Its about a house in Amityville, New York that has some thing very terribly evil and wrong in it. They moved there to get away from city life, and brought themselves straight ino what I think was the very heart of evil. Things go wrong, people get sick,hurt, and nearly killed. Things seem to appear when they aren't there, or stuff will move. Sometimes a violent force would shove someone or knock things over, and stuff would appear somewhere else. One thing that scared me most was a creature that the youngest daughter called,"Judy" would run around outside of the house. Sometimes it would be in the basement, or looking into windows. It was a pig looking beast that walked on two hoofed feet and had red eyes, I shudder to think about such a thing. One part that was REALLY bad was when they found a secret room in the basement. It was small, and the walls wer e blood red, maybe even painted with blood. They think that a cult may have lived there first and used that room for something, that I will not go into. There was this one time, a pastor came to exercise the house, but when he tried a deep rough voice screamed GET OUT. Afterwards, he became very sick, he had the flu and a bad rash. He couldn't hold down his food and felt bad for days. But in the end he became well again.This book is scary, I would not recommend it to any one under 13. I personally love books like this and if you do too I suggest to get a copy. ...

Romeo and Juliet Essays

Romeo and Juliet Essays Romeo and Juliet Essays Romeo and Juliet Essays Romeo and Juliet essays are hard to write because of the wealth of criticism available online. You may think differently. However, you should not forget that wealth of information leaves little space for your own creative writing. It means that you can hardly write something new when everything has already been written.   Read the following sample essay on Romeo and Juliet.   It is well-written and you will definitely get some interesting ideas out of it. If you are looking for individual help with writing, we offer you to try our custom essay writing services. We are never late with essay delivery and we guarantee quick and adequate revisions. Our writers will not let you down because we value your trust and choice of our writing services! You may also take a look at tips on how to write a good college essay or critical literary essay . In addition, review the following article outlining characteristics of great essays! Romeo and Juliet Essay Sample In Romeo and Juliet, remarks an acute analyst of Shakespeare's symbolism, 'the dominating image is light, every form and manifestation of it'. The tapers and torches that burn for Capulet's ball are put to shame by the flood of moonlight that lies beneath his daughter's window, and 'tips with silver all these fruit-tree tops'; Juliet appears in a brightly-lit casement As glorious to this night, being o'er my head,As is a winged messenger of heavenUnto the white-upturned wondering eyesOf mortals that fall back to gaze on himWhen he bestrides the lazy-passing clouds . . . She compares the shock of Romeo's sudden wild declaration to the effect of a glimmering sheet of summer lightning: ... Although I joy in thee,I have no joy of this contract tonight:It is too rash, too unadvised, too sudden,Too like the lightning, which doth cease to beEre one can say 'It lightens' . . . The lovers' moment of happiness ends with the dawn, as 'envious streaks' begin to lace the East, and 'Night's candle s' slowly pale and die; and the beauty and brevity of love itselfthat 'brief light', doomed to quick extinction, celebrated in Catullus' famous lyric-are set off by the 'perpetual darkness' of ancient Capulets' sepulchral vault. Yet Shakespeare's play has its sensuous undertones, and is alive with worldly bustling characters. His wit is seen at its boldest and bawdiest. The opening passage, where Sampson and Gregory, servants of the Capulets, decide to pick a quarrel with the retainers of the Montagues, is already rich in sexual jokes; and Mercutio is a fount of genial obscenities, including one reference so abstrusely phrased that it escapes the average modern reader. 1 Shakespeare's bawdy has often puzzled his critics. Robert Bridges believed that it was imposed on him by his disreputable contemporary audience, 'those wretched beings who can never be forgiven their share in preventing the greatest poet and dramatist of the world from being the best artist'; while Bernard Shaw sugg ested that his 'incorrigible addiction to smutty jokes' was fostered by his snobbish anxiety to resemble a member of the upper classes, the aristocrat, according to Shaw, being always particularly lewd in speech. Shakespeare, however, was representative of his period; and, although the Elizabethans' attitude towards love was not uncomplicated by neurotic feelings-with a pagan delight in the flesh went disgust, remorse and guilty fearthey understood that the Heavenly and the Earthly Venus are twin manifestations of the same divinity, and that, if one is to be properly served, the other must be duly honoured. Romeo and Juliet Essay Custom Writing Did you like the above sample essay?   Do you want to get a unique essay about Romeo and Juliet written especially for you?   We guarantee adequate support and on time delivery of custom written essays. We are ready to write your essay even if your deadline is in less than 12 hours from now! You will be pleasantly surprised with our prices. Is high quality possible at the low price? At our site – yes! Romeo and Juliet Essays Romeo and Juliet Essays Romeo and Juliet Essay Romeo and Juliet Essay Act I Scene i 1 . The Capulet servants Sampson and Gregory start a fight with Balthazar and Abraham. Benvolio tried to break up the feud until Tybalt attacks him. 2. Prince Escalus breaks up the feud by threatening everyone with death. 3. Benvolio realizes that Romeos problem is that he is love and tries to find out who it is. Romeo is too stubborn and will not tell who he is in love with. Act I Scene ii 1. Paris asks Lord Capulet for Juliets hand in marriage. 2. Romeo finds out that Rosaline will attend the mask party. 3. Benvolio challenges Romeo to go to the part and compare Rosaline with other women of Verona. Act I Scene iii 1 . Lady Capulet tries to have a civil conversation about marriage with Juliet but Nurse interrupts he with stories of the when Juliet was a toddler. 2. Lady Capulet explains to Juliet that Paris would like to marry her. 3. Juliet abruptly agrees with her mother to get married because she has to and not because that she wants to. Act I Scene iiii 1 . Mercutio tries to persuade Romeo to dance at the mask party but Romeo says that he has too heavy of a soul. 2. Romeo believes that he should not go to the party because of a dream that he had. 3. Mercutio mocks Romeo by talking about Queen Romeo and Juliet shared an immoderate love which moved too fast, the flaws in their personalities changed it to a dangerous love. They were desperate for intense passion; which leads them to impulsively make irreversible decisions. Friar Lawrence noticed their flaws and spontaneous decisions and gave them a meaningful simile describing their love: ‘These violent delights have violent ends, / And in their triumph die like fire and powder,’ (II. vi. 9-10) Within the day Romeo and Juliet are wedded, Romeo’s best friend Mercutio is slain and Juliet’s cousin Tybalt is murdered by her husband Romeo. After those two events, they completely lose control and as teenagers they do not have the mental capacity to undertake thorough reasoning under constant emotional pressure. At this point in the story, when Romeo is banished and Juliet supposedly dead, their love is on thin ice. Their dangerous love, takes the form of impulse. Romeo along with his irrationalism determined the ending, without the slightest consideration his chose death to escape his misfortune, ‘Well, Juliet, I will lie with thee tonight. ’ (V. i. 34) Love is the source of all power and happiness, but without each other Romeo and Juliet were lost in their own thoughts. Their passion and love help them overcome many obstacles and their feelings are the strongest when they are together, even denying their family name was not a problem: Deny thy father and refuse thy name; Or, if though wilt not, be but sworn my love, And I’ll no longer be a Capulet. But, when they are separated, one cannot live without the other. Romeo and Juliet find death as escape from their fate; however love was able to soften extreme hardships. Their love was a motivation which assists them to break free from the norm in Verona: But passion lends them power, time means, to meet, Temp’ring extremities with extreme sweet. In Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare also presents another powerful emotion which juxtapositions with love. Although, love and hate come from different contentions, both these emotions display similar effects on humans. These feelings can provoke humans to lose control, give people unimaginable power and can also blind people from rational judgment. Love not only outshines hate in Romeo and Juliet however, it is also the most complex, powerful and dangerous emotion. Like two sides of a coin, love can be the source of all power and can also be the cause of all misery. Romeo and Juliet Essays Romeo and Juliet Paper Romeo and Juliet Paper Literary/Analytical Essay Romeo and Juliet is a play about two silly, immature teenagers who lack common sense. Therefore, the play expresses the danger of a love in which two people become the whole world to one another. To what extent do you agree or disagree? The story of Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy. The two lovers go against their families and against their hate to be together but they dont think about the consequences, which in the end are devastating. Romeo and Juliet engage in a love that they believe is the one true love. They dont even know each other and dont know each others personality so they can only be attracted sexually. Instead of taking things slowly and getting to know each other or on the other hand engage in a type of relationship just to satisfy each others desires they act like they have known each other for a long time and that they cant live one without the other. At the start of the play we see that Romeo is in love with Roseline a nd that he o! nly talks about her but when he meets Juliet at the party he totally forgets Roseline and falls in love with Juliet. Friar Laurence clearly states this to Romeo: Is Rosaline, whom thou didst love so dear, so soon forsaken? Young mens love then lies not truly in their hearts, but in their eyes. This is exactly how Romeo behaves. Juliet on the other hand had to marry Count Paris so her love with Romeo is simply a way to get out of it. She never had a relationship with a man and she didnt like to have herfirst and only relationship with a man her parents arranged for her. She wanted freedom and Romeo was her ticket to it. During the story Romeo and Juliet convince them selves to be in love with each other and they become obsessed, not with the love for each other, but with the fact of being in love with each other. Young people like to do forbidden things it gives them a feeling of exhilaration and freedom a Romeo and Juliet Essays Romeo and Juliet Paper Romeo and Juliet Paper Essay Topic: Thirteen Reasons Why Romeo and Juliet is probably one of Shakespeares most well known stories about two start crossed lovers dying tragically after a series of unfortunate events. There may be many causes to these deaths but I believe that the nurse and friar are two major factors to this story along with the two families dispute over a very old argument that has been happening for hundreds of years, there isnt a blatant offender but I will attempt to come to a conclusion of who I think was responsible for these tragedies.The friar is like Romeos father as well as being his best friend, He some how always manages to help Romeo out with his problems and questions about his life, and appears to be a very wise character, although one day when Romeo decides he is in love, the friar has something to say, be plain, good son, and homely in thy drift; Riddling confession finds but riddling shrift. The Friar is a very religious man and he is therefore put high up on the great chain of bein g which is a scale on which we place characters to find out how close they are to heaven and hell, this is therefore the reason for the friar being high up.Although once Romeo finds out about what family Juliet comes from, he is heart broken, he doesnt know what to do and even threatens to commit suicide, this puts the friar in a very difficult position and In the this case you cant help but feel sorry for the friar as he is faced with such a difficult question, and he knows that if whatever he does it wont be a good out come for both of them. Just from reading parts of the friars speech you can immediately tell he is a very intelligent and well spoken man, as he speaks in verse, two kinds in fact, for the part where he will be talking to himself he will be mostly talking in rhyming verse, The grey-eyed morn smiles on the frowning night, Checkring the eastern clouds with streaks of light Which shows he also very poetic in the way he speaks, whereas when he is talking to other people he tends to speak in non rhyming verse Thy love did read by rote that could not spell. But come, young waverer, come go with me.The nurse however is a rather uneducated and unmannered person, as she wants to see Juliet get married for the selfish reason of not wanting to die before she does get married and she doesnt actually seem to care that much about who Juliet marries just so long as she does, Juliet however has a very high opinion of marriage and doesnt believe shes worth the honour of marriage it is an honour I dream not of. Where as the nurse treats it in a completely different way, An honour!Were not I thine only nurse, I would say thou hadst sucked wisdom from thy teat. Which is a rather inappropriate thing to say about a girl aged thirteen, She also seems to treat Juliet like her own daughter instead of her very rich employers daughter, tis since the earthquake now eleven years, and she was weaned-I shall never forget it. The nurse also seems to have a fairly casual view towards sexuality and sexual jokes, as she says once juliets older she will fallst upon thy face? Thou wilt fall backward when thou comest to age, wilt thou not Jule?The nurse comes across as a very loud, earthly and uneducated women, you can tell shes uneducated as she speaks in prose most of the time Ill lay fourteen of my teeth and yet, to my teen be it spoken, I have but four shes not fourteen. How long is it now to Lammas-tide?We find that the Friar and the Nurse are used well to move the plot of the play forward. They constantly rush everything in the play which adds excitement and curiosity to the play. They also seem to be the two who want everything to move along quickly without hesitations.Shakespeare gives the play a lot of themes, and he explores these themes very well, for example, there is the class theme involved like the difference between the nurse and the friar and yet they have the same sort of relationship and the same sort of friendship with Romeo and Juliet. Another theme that is explored very well is Love as throughout Romeo and Juliet have very strong feelings for each other. There are also the themes of regret, sadness and sorrow as the friar regrets a lot of the decisions hes made about marrying Romeo and Juliet.I would say that the main theme of the play is the rushing of it all, everything that takes place in this play happens over a very short amount of time and this is a very rushed and paced play, as you have the friar wanting to rush it along to see the outcome to whether or not he is found guilty of what he is doing Saint Francis be my speed! How oft tonight have my old feet stumbled at graves! it looks as if he saying that he is tripping up on death. Surely this would mean that he must not rush matters such as these and you can tell that something bad will eventually happen.During this play there are many instances of hard acting, which is scenes that require a lot of thought to get right when being acted out, Theres the fa mous balcony moment between Romeo and Juliet which would also be difficult to act out and perform this scene would be difficult as the two characters are on different platforms and in a play that would be hard to rein act as they would have to make the view point just right in order for it to be done correctly.The scene when theyre in the grave yard, and all of the people rush into the family tomb that would also be hard to act out theyd have to have a wall where you can only see it from front on to show some separation.During the play you do gain lots and lots of conclusions and opinions as to who is to blame for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet. You end up asking yourself many questions as to who you think is responsible. This is a particularly odd play, but at the start it actually tells you what is going to happen although even though you know what is going to happen, it keeps you reading on as you must find out how it happened and what caused it, this is why I believe this is suc h a good book as it is one where you want to find out what happens.If I were asked to put the ones who take the blame in order I would have the families of Romeo and Juliet at number four, as had they not been sworn enemies Romeo and Juliet could have been married and lived in peace, at number three I would blame the Nurse for getting so deeply involved and manipulating the life of Juliet, for example she was so eager to have Juliet married the nurse didnt actually seem to mind that the boy that Juliet wanted to marry was from a family of which they were sworn enemies. At number two I would have placed the friar as I believe that he is one of the main culprits as he Is the one that made the decision of marrying the couple.Although at number one I would have put Romeo and Juliet as they were the ones that should have known that they couldnt have had anything to with each other, but for the reason of love they still got involved with each other, this is why I believe they are the main reason for their deaths because they knew what they were doing was wrong but they still did it. Another reason for these two being the main reasons was because throughout at different times they were both very immature about the matter at hand, Romeo for example threatening to commit suicide at the thought of not being able to be with Juliet, all in all I believe these teenagers were very selfish about what they wanted and seemed to have no consideration for what effect these actions would have on others.Overall I found the play very interesting and constantly kept me interested, I would definitely recommend this to people, the only problem I had with the play was it being written in old English which I had trouble to understand, but after a while I did get the hang of it and it began to make more sense, in all a very deep and meaningful play. Romeo and Juliet Essays Romeo and Juliet Paper Romeo and Juliet Paper Widdicome says that in order for a play to be considered a tragedy that it must have certain characteristics. Romeo and Juliet have most of these if not all though some are harder to find in the play. Thefirst one that Widdicome mentions is that is must to multigeneric. Romeo and Juliet is a blend of comedy and tragedy. This is seen in the character of the nurse for the comedy side of the play and the tragedy is the seen in the death of Romeo and Juliet. The next on that Widdicome talks about is that the play has interwoven multiple plots. Two plots that come to mind are the fighting between the Montagues and the Capulet. Another is the love interest of Paris toward Juliet. A third would be the hate between Tybalt and Benvolio which bring us to Romeo killing Tybalt and being exiled.The next is they trace the lives of important people from a state of comfort and security to despair and dissolution. This one is a little harder to see in the play then others but one area would be the fathers and mothers of Romeo and Juliet who go from be happy and having all they want to losing there children. The next one is the struggle between, and full self-realization and the acquiescence to social norms this can be see in the love between Romeo and Juliet because they are form feuding families there love for each other is forbidden. The social norm would be Pariss love for Juliet and that she should marry him to follow the social norms of their society. That next one that appears in Romeo and Juliet is it presents a vision of stoicism in the face of suffering and failure. This is seen in Romeo and Juliet in the prologue were it says a pair of star-crossed lovers take their lives we know that before the play starts that they are going to die. They do their best to endure this fate with the plan that they come up with to run away but still end up dying. Romeo And JUliet Essays Romeo And JUliet Paper Romeo And JUliet Paper Why do Mercutios teasing speeches not bother Romeo? As the notes suggest, ll. 23-30 are a series of sexual puns comparing magic conjuration with sexual intercourse. This is the famous Balcony Scene, one of the most renowned in all of Shakespeare. But because of its romantic associations it is often misunderstood. Romeos passion for Juliet is unambiguously erotic. To Elizabethans sexual desire was not antithetical to romance; it was the essence of romance. In calling for the triumph of the sun over the moon, Romeo is hoping she will not remain a virgin much longer. Women who prolonged their virginity excessively were thought to suffer from green-sickness, a malady which could only be cured by healthy lovemaking. Thus the entire opening to this scene is devoted to Romeos fevered desire that she will make love with him. Despite his passion, he is shy enough, and polite enough, not to simply burst in upon her. It is the tension between his overwhelming desire and his reticence that show s how much he truly loves her. The comparison of a womans eyes to bright stars was a commonplace, but Shakespeare makes it new by elaborating it in a dazzling series of lines dwelling on the luminosity of Juliets beauty. In what way does he say her eyes are brighter than stars? Note the physically intimate image of ll. 24-25. Any poet could call his lady angelic; Shakespeare composes a mini-poem on the theme in ll. 26-32. Pay particular attention to the note on l. 33, which is consistently misinterpreted and even misquoted by people unfamiliar with Elizabethan usage. Note that it is Juliet who is thinking through the consequences of their love more systematically and practically than is Romeo. Does this make her less romantic than he? Explain your answer. Note that it is a series of coincidences which moves this affair along so quickly without Juliet being portrayed as shameless. How does Juliets speech at ll Romeo and Juliet Essays Romeo and Juliet Paper Romeo and Juliet Paper I think the main turning point in this scene is Romeo reading the letter (invitation) from the illiterate servant, Shakespeare makes this scene fit perfectly in the play by getting the party in where Romeo and Juliet first meet. The thing that stimulates Romeo to attend the party is the invitation, which had Rosalines name on it. Earlier Romeo was talking about her with Benvolio and said that he was madly in love with her. Not mad, but bound more then a madman is (Act 1 Scene 2, lines 50 -55).Capulet and Paris are in the middle of a conversation, Capulet says that he and Montague had become old and should stop the ongoing family rivalry. Paris asks for Juliets hand in marriage. Capulet indirectly approves the proposal but asks for two summers (two years) to pass because Juliet is still young. My child is still a stranger to the world, she hath not seen the change of fourteen years (Act 1 Scene 2, lines 5 -10).In lines 32 33 Capulet gives similar advice that Benvolio gave to Romeo, h e asks Paris to look at other lades and compare them with Juliet. Capulet shows that he is a very loving father who is concerned about Juliets future and well being (letting her chose who she marries) but we see a very different approach later in the play. In this scene Capulet express more love for Juliet when he states, Earth hath swallowed all my hopes but she (Act 1 Scene 2, lines 10 -15). This might mean that Capulet had other children that had died.After reading the letter and the strong urge from Benvolio, Romeo decides to go to the party (in the next scene). Different events unfold step by step, some of which are predictable while others come as an extensive surprise. The audience get an ounce of an idea that Romeo is going to meet Juliet at the party.The feeling of risks, guilt and suspense begins to creep in this scene; there was a street fight at the beginning of the play, but that was quite ordinary due to the ongoing family feud. This scene changes the whole plot of th e story because if Romeo had never read the invitation then he wouldnt have attended the party. The heart of the drama is the conflict between the two families and the love between Romeo and Juliet.Both Romeo and Juliet have to conquer a mental war; desire versus responsibility. For Romeo who is an adventurous and emotional young man, who is also quite immature at the beginning of the play, his desire overcame his responsibility. He is vastly unpredictable because at the beginning of the play it seems that he is madly in love with Rosaline and he wont give her up, but later we find out that he looses all his feelings towards her when he meets Juliet.I think he was quite irresponsible when he didnt have a second thought towards Juliet, he should have thought about all the complications and the consequence. Later in the play Romeo takes some responsibility when he tried to make peace with Tybalt. He took great risks and truly loved Juliet. He is also quite emotional, and a little bit softhearted looking for the easy way out when he thought he lost Juliet.Likewise Juliet who is very young (less then fourteen years) is a very obedient and conventional upper class daughter and is loyal to the father. When she falls in love with Romeo she dramatically changes. She begins to show a very practical side to her character and proves to be very determined and independent minded. She is intelligent and perceptive, possibly more so then Romeo. She is utterly loyal to Romeo and defies the whole world for him. She easily could have chose Paris was a gentleman but stayed loyal. She is prepared to risk taking a very dangerous drug to fake her death so that she could be with Romeo. She accepts death willingly when fate had turned against both of them at the end.This scene creates the whole plot and storyline in the play. The scene also creates many problems and opens a path for further things to come. For example the indirect approval of Paris offer to marry Juliet creates a mas sive problem for Romeo, Juliet and especially Friar Lawrence. The party hosted by Capulet is where Romeo and Juliet met.In the earlier scene Romeo was expressing his love for Rosaline, which was the sheer reason of him attending the party. In the next scene when he attends the party, he briefly meets Juliet and each of them learn of each others love and identity.Id say there are three main parts in this scene:; The conversation between Capulet and Paris; When the servant is wondering what to do with the letter; When Benvolio and Romeo are talking to each otherHowever it is possible to break these scenes down to smaller parts.At the beginning of the scene Capulet admits that he is willing to keep peace. For men so old as we to keep the peace (Act 1 Scene 2, lines 1-5).Capulet and Paris enter in the middle of a conversation where they were discussing the peace. After some time in the conversation Paris starts to flatter Capulet with his speech and asks for Juliets hand in marriage. Bu t now my lord what do you say to my suit (Act 1 Scene 2, lines 5 -10).Capulet replies by saying that Juliet is too young to get married and still is a stranger to this world; he is also replying Paris for the second time. But saying oer what I have said before (Act 1 Scene 2, lines 10 -15).After getting an indirect acceptance of his proposal from Capulet, Paris still requests that the time is right. Younger then she are happier mothers made (Act 1 Scene 2, lines 5 -10).Capulet still believes that Juliet is too young to get married and renews his thoughts to Paris. Capulet invites Paris to a feast saying that there will be many attractive women and he should compare them to Juliet. Paris is very keen to marry Juliet and on the other hand Juliet is totally against the idea (after meeting Romeo). She is not willing to exchange Romeo for Paris who is a well-respected Gentleman.I think Juliet is too young to even think about getting married. Although in the olden days girls probably used to get married younger; thirteen years is far too young to make the kind of decisions she made. She took many risks and followed her heart. At this age, one would assume she would give up one passion (Romeo) for another (Paris) but she didnt. Before here meeting with Romeo she seemed to be a very obedient daughter, but later all this changed dramatically.Capulet suggests that old men are better to keep the peace than young men and better to keep their tempers then young men. And in act this proves to be largely true. It is young men who lose their tempers and get involved in stupid fights. However it is also true that Capulet and lady Capulet show them selves of keeping their tempers with Juliet.Shakesphire shows the issue of behaving moderately more concerned with old people who can behave responsibly, where as young people are to challengeable and passionate.Friar Lawrence is constantly arguing immoderate passions but without success.In Romeo and Juliet the parents dont come out as responsible people, especially Juliets parents, who are more concerned with social success, prestigious marriage for their daughter, then they are in making them happy. At the beginning of the scene it seems that Capulet is a very carrying and considerate father who will let Juliet decide who she will marry, but we find out differently later in the play. I think Juliet has the right to decide whom she gets married to. Capulet tells Paris that his agreement will only be a part of the decision for Paris to marry Juliet, and that Juliet will have to also agree.Capulet plays a larger role then Montague in the play. He is shown to be very understanding but as a matter of fact is quite aggressive, especially towards Juliet near the end of the play.The characters that participate in this scene are Capulet, an unpredictable father; Paris, a smart gentleman who wants Juliets hand in marriage; Capulets servant who is illiterate and not very cleaver (he muddles his words up); Romeo, an adve ntures young man and Benvolio his friend.I think the impression we got from this scene was misleading because Capulet is shown to be calm and considerate but we learn otherwise and Romeo seem to be very irresponsible and quite straight forward but isnt.The characters that are at the heart of the scene are Capulet, Paris and Romeo. Capulet and Paris do most of the gossip while Romeo shares his feelings with Benvolio. The servant played quite an important role because if Romeo didnt read the invitations then the story could not have proceeded.Although Juliet does not participate in this scene she is greatly the main subject of speech between Capulet and Paris. When we discover that Romeo is going to attend the party we have a suspicion that Romeo will meet Juliet.I think every main character is affected by the events of this scene.Romeo Door opens to meet Juliet, gets banished and commits suicide.Juliet Door opens to meet Romeo, rejects proposal from Paris and commits suicide.Capule t looses loyalty from his daughter, gets aggressive, makes peace with Montague.Montague Looses his son and makes peace with Capulet.Tybalt Fights with Romeo and gets killed.Paris doesnt marry Juliet and gets killed.Friar Lawrence gives drug to Juliet, explained what happened.There are not many arguments in this scene; Paris is flattering Capulet in order to gain approval of his proposal to Juliet. Romeo and Benvolio are talking to each other like normal friends.This scene shows that Romeo is a normal young man who is madly in love, he uses many metaphors in his speech such as, Not mad, but bound more than a madman is (Act 1 Scene 2, lines 50 -55). Romeo is quite adventures and not as hard hearted as most of the characters. Romeo is shown to be a very irresponsible person but that dramatically changes in the play. We learn just how much he loves Rosaline, even though we learn later that his love for Rosaline is very shallow. This can cause a doubt over the extant of Romeos love for Juliet, but I think his love for Juliet is as deep as he claims it to be because he dies for her at the end.Some conflicts can be resolved. When Romeo refused to fight Tybalt he thought he had a solution to the problem, he accepted looking like a coward. However his solution didnt work; instead he later ended up killing Tybalt due to the fact that Tybalt killed his friend Mercutio.An underlying problem, Romeo and Juliet are trying to live in an idealistic way in a society, which is not idealistic at all. They are practicing love in a society, which is full of hate. They are Romantic in a cynical society, which is focused on wealth and sex.We get to know the characters by their speech, especially Paris. Paris is shown to be a smart person who is very intelligent and persuasive. However unlike Paris, Romeo is shown to be a person who is not concerned in worldly matters except love. His metaphors are not connected with each other. Benvolio is a good friend to Romeo who gives him ad vice; he also cares for his well-being.Romeo talks in contradictions, for example when discussing love with Benvolio he says, not mad, but bound more then a madman is: shut up in prison, kept without my food, whipped and tormented. (Act 1 Scene 2, lines 50 -55).The image of stars; Capulet talks about stars walking the earth, what he means is that women walking around as beautiful stars. Shakesphire uses the image of stars quite often. Later, when Romeo is desperate thinking Juliet has died, he defies the stars, but this time the stars mean something quite different. When he is defying the stars, he is defying the heavens, which in those days was thought of as the place where God lived, and so he is really defying God.Capulet uses some figures of speeches, which are rather typical of shakesphires writing when he makes comments about all his other children that are dead and have been buried.In Act 1 Scene 1 the immediate thing that happened leading up to the scene was Romeo and Benvol io talking about Romeos love. This scene (Act 1 Scene 2) sets up the whole storyline in the play and makes other events unfold in due time (e.g. the party).I think Juliets Parents are trying to do what they think is best for her. If there had not been a family conflict then they would possibly have had no problem with Juliet meeting Romeo; except maybe for the issue of age. Juliet is motivated and very determined to follow her inexperienced heart.I conclude by saying that this scene is one of the most important scene in the play. It changes the whole flow of the story changing everything, creating dilemmas and causing characters to take desperate risks.